Nepal is renowned for its extraordinary wildlife, shaped by dramatic landscapes that range from subtropical jungles in the lowland Terai to the icy peaks of the Himalayas. This unique geography allows a remarkable diversity of habitats to flourish, making the country a true biodiversity hotspot. Nepal is home to over 185 species of mammals, nearly 900 species of birds, and thousands of varieties of plants, reptiles, amphibians, and insects.
Among the most iconic animals found in Nepal’s dense Terai jungles are the Royal Bengal tiger, the one-horned rhinoceros, and the Asiatic elephant. These species, along with leopards, wild boar, sloth bears, and various species of deer, roam the grasslands and forests of protected areas like Chitwan National Park and Bardia National Park. The Terai is also home to wild buffalo (locally called “Arna”), swamp deer in Suklaphanta, and the endangered blackbuck in Bardia.
The rivers and wetlands of Nepal support aquatic life such as the Gangetic river dolphin and two native crocodile species: the fish-eating gharial and the marsh mugger. Birdlife is equally impressive, with the Koshi Tappu region alone hosting around 485 species, including migratory waterfowl, raptors, and Nepal’s national bird, the Danphe or Impeyan pheasant.
In the high Himalayas, elusive species such as the snow leopard and the red panda can be found, though sightings are rare due to their shy nature and remote habitats. Other high-altitude mammals include Himalayan tahr, blue sheep, musk deer, and the Himalayan black bear. The snow leopard, in particular, is a symbol of Nepal’s rugged mountain wilderness and is protected in areas like Sagarmatha National Park, Annapurna Conservation Area, and Shey Phoksundo National Park.
Nepal’s forests also shelter the Chinese pangolin, a critically endangered species threatened by habitat loss and poaching. This shy, nocturnal animal is found in both protected and community forests across the country.
The country’s commitment to conservation is evident in its extensive network of protected areas. Nepal has established numerous national parks, wildlife reserves, and conservation areas, safeguarding habitats for countless species1. As of the early 2000s, there were 23 protected areas, including nine national parks and several World Heritage Sites such as Sagarmatha and Chitwan National Parks.
Despite these efforts, Nepal’s wildlife faces significant threats. Habitat loss and fragmentation due to human encroachment, illegal poaching and wildlife trade, climate change, and human-wildlife conflict are ongoing challenges. Conservation initiatives include anti-poaching patrols, habitat restoration projects, and community education programs aimed at protecting endangered species and promoting sustainable coexistence.
For wildlife enthusiasts, Nepal offers unforgettable opportunities to witness rare and exotic animals in their natural environments. Whether exploring the subtropical jungles of the Terai, birdwatching in the wetlands, or trekking through the Himalayan highlands, visitors are naturally immersed in one of the world’s richest natural landscapes. Ready to embark, contact us if you have any questions!
